東莞市卓鼎機械設備科技有限公司
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效益是企業生(sheng)存的(de)價值與基礎(chu),制造業節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)耗(hao)(hao)工作做到位(wei),會取(qu)得顯著的(de)實際成效。車身涂裝現場分(fen)部一直(zhi)(zhi)是公司的(de)耗(hao)(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)戶,分(fen)部能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)約占廠區總能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)55%,占生(sheng)產(chan)制造能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)70%,故分(fen)部能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)使(shi)用情況一直(zhi)(zhi)備受關注(zhu),為了(le)使(shi)分(fen)部能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)更優(you)化(hua),本文對(dui)各工序能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)情況進行(xing)系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)析,對(dui)目前(qian)存在的(de)節(jie)拍浪費(fei)、員工操作設備不便,以及(ji)管理(li)不細化(hua)造成的(de)現場能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)浪費(fei)情況,進行(xing)全面(mian)梳理(li)、改進及(ji)固化(hua)管理(li),提高生(sheng)產(chan)節(jie)拍,降(jiang)低生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)。
全面梳理涂(tu)裝現場生產線(xian)各(ge)工序設備(bei)(bei)燃動力情(qing)(qing)況,逐(zhu)工位進行(xing)(xing)(xing)研究,尋找(zhao)節(jie)能(neng)機(ji)會,分(fen)析思路為(wei)(wei):(1)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)空載運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)(qing)況;(2)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)慢造成操(cao)作(zuo)者等待(dai),延長節(jie)拍情(qing)(qing)況;(3)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)操(cao)作(zuo)按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)距離(li)操(cao)作(zuo)者工作(zuo)區域較(jiao)(jiao)遠,不利于(yu)及時(shi)關機(ji)情(qing)(qing)況;(4)設備(bei)(bei)能(neng)否(fou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保證質量(liang)的前提(ti)下對(dui)工藝(yi)參數進行(xing)(xing)(xing)合理調整,避免大馬(ma)拉(la)小車,減少能(neng)源消耗量(liang),提(ti)高(gao)生產節(jie)拍;(5)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)員工操(cao)作(zuo)散漫,無規章制度要(yao)求(qiu)的失控(kong)情(qing)(qing)況。尋找(zhao)到節(jie)能(neng)機(ji)會后(hou),每(mei)一項成立研討小組進行(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)進,主要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)技改(gai)(gai)與管(guan)(guan)控(kong)兩方(fang)面,發現存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)設備(bei)(bei)空載運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、設備(bei)(bei)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)慢、操(cao)作(zuo)按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)距離(li)較(jiao)(jiao)遠、工藝(yi)浪費(fei)等方(fang)面9個(ge)節(jie)能(neng)機(ji)會,其中7項技改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)主,管(guan)(guan)控(kong)為(wei)(wei)輔;2項管(guan)(guan)控(kong)為(wei)(wei)主,技改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)輔。
前處理電泳(yong)共計7臺風(feng)機(ji),脫脂送排(pai)風(feng)機(ji)與磷化送排(pai)風(feng)機(ji)(前處理加熱類啟(qi)動程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi))、入口排(pai)風(feng)機(ji)(前處理噴(pen)淋(lin)類啟(qi)動程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi)),電泳(yong)排(pai)風(feng)機(ji)、水洗送風(feng)機(ji)(電泳(yong)啟(qi)動程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi))。
修改前處理(li)加熱類(lei)、噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)類(lei)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)與電泳(yong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)程序(xu),修改各風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)條件,原啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)條件為(wei)(wei)按(an)下按(an)鈕后,每間隔10s啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)1臺風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)由一鍵啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)改為(wei)(wei)各風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)照第(di)1掛駕(jia)駛室(shi)位置(zhi)以及槽(cao)液(ye)溫度(du)進行啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong):①入口排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)1掛駕(jia)駛室(shi)到(dao)(dao)達小(xiao)車上線時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)前處理(li)噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)類(lei)設備時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong),保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變;②脫脂送風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、脫脂排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)按(an)下啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)按(an)鈕后且(qie)當槽(cao)液(ye)溫度(du)升為(wei)(wei)40℃時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong);③磷化(hua)送風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、磷化(hua)排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)按(an)下啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)按(an)鈕后且(qie)當槽(cao)液(ye)溫度(du)升為(wei)(wei)35℃時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong);④電泳(yong)排(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)1掛駕(jia)駛室(shi)到(dao)(dao)達純水洗(xi)時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電泳(yong)設備時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong),保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變;⑤水洗(xi)送風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)1掛駕(jia)駛室(shi)到(dao)(dao)達UF2(超(chao)濾2)時(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)。
該(gai)方(fang)案脫(tuo)脂送排風(feng)機、磷化送排風(feng)機(功率均為7.5kW)每個生產日可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)開機時間(jian)1h,水洗送風(feng)機(5.5kW)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)開機時間(jian)15min,按年(nian)產250d,電費按照0.75681元/kW計算(suan),可(ke)節約5936元。
2016年現場自(zi)行設計了一套電泳打(da)磨車頂吹塵裝(zhuang)置,在生產過程中(zhong)對駕(jia)駛室頂部進行自(zi)動吹塵,提(ti)高(gao)了產品質量。但是(shi)該裝(zhuang)置打(da)開后一直吹掃壓縮空氣,而駕(jia)駛室與駕(jia)駛室之間存(cun)在距離(li),當停(ting)線時則需要員工關閉開關,操作(zuo)不(bu)便且造成大量能(neng)源(yuan)浪費。
對該裝(zhuang)置(zhi)進行改造,增加整流電源提供24V直流電,使(shi)用光電開關感應駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)位(wei)置(zhi)使(shi)繼(ji)電器吸合(he)控制電磁閥啟閉,從而實(shi)現駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)到達吹(chui)塵裝(zhuang)置(zhi)底部時吹(chui)掃(sao)。同時將(jiang)打磨線輸送(song)帶(dai)運行反饋信號連(lian)入該系統,當(dang)停線時,即便駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)在吹(chui)塵裝(zhuang)置(zhi)底部,也不進行吹(chui)掃(sao)。吹(chui)掃(sao)的2個必要條件是輸送(song)帶(dai)運行,駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)到位(wei)。
壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力為(wei)0.6MPa,流速約為(wei)15m/s,孔半徑(jing)為(wei)10mm,共計(ji)8個孔,因(yin)此每小時可(ke)使用壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)15m/s×3.14×(10mm/1000×10mm/1000)×8×3600s=135.65m3,該方(fang)案可(ke)將吹掃(sao)時間由每個橇的(de)4min變為(wei)2min56s,因(yin)此按(an)照壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)單價(jia)0.15元/m3計(ji)算(suan),每輛駕駛室(shi)可(ke)節(jie)約135.65m3/3600s×(2405-1765)/2×0.15=0.18元,按(an)年產10萬輛計(ji)算(suan),可(ke)節(jie)約費(fei)用為(wei)1.8萬元。
發交積放鏈工位(wei)生產節(jie)拍為(wei)2.5min/車(che)(che)(che)(che)左(zuo)右,總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)單班節(jie)拍為(wei)3min/車(che)(che)(che)(che),面漆(qi)線(xian)(xian)綜(zong)合節(jie)拍為(wei)2.32min/車(che)(che)(che)(che),該工位(wei)速度(du)過慢會(hui)造成(cheng)面漆(qi)線(xian)(xian)堵(du)車(che)(che)(che)(che),使(shi)設備空轉,同時總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)開雙線(xian)(xian)后(hou),節(jie)拍為(wei)2車(che)(che)(che)(che)3min,節(jie)拍低于(yu)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)生產,現場出(chu)現故障后(hou)補充(chong)庫(ku)存較慢,可能會(hui)影響總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)生產。
將(jiang)上線積放(fang)鏈工位(wei)運行(xing)步驟拆分,通過分析吊(diao)具(ju)與(yu)地(di)面滾(gun)床連(lian)鎖,在保(bao)證安全的前提(ti)下(xia)(xia)找出可(ke)縮減時(shi)間的情況,具(ju)體(ti)改造(zao)方(fang)案如下(xia)(xia):①提(ti)高(gao)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)高(gao)速頻(pin)(pin)率(lv):將(jiang)變頻(pin)(pin)器高(gao)速運行(xing)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)由(you)26Hz調整為40Hz,由(you)于升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)減速開關與(yu)到位(wei)開關距(ju)離較近,如果再(zai)提(ti)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv),則會沖過位(wei),因此最(zui)大為40Hz。②消除(chu)吊(diao)具(ju)到位(wei)后滾(gun)床運行(xing)時(shi)間:修改PLC(控制程序(xu))中的滑橇進入條件。
改(gai)造后整個(ge)檢(jian)查精修線正常生產節拍由2.5min/車提(ti)高到2min/車以(yi)內,既為供應總(zong)裝提(ti)供了(le)保障,又為面漆(qi)節拍提(ti)升提(ti)供了(le)鋪墊。
對(dui)整個(ge)面漆(qi)線(xian)設備(bei)進行拆分,尋找面漆(qi)線(xian)生產瓶頸。依據漆(qi)前處理線(xian)綜合節(jie)(jie)(jie)拍、金屬(shu)粉機器人(ren)節(jie)(jie)(jie)拍、清(qing)漆(qi)機器人(ren)節(jie)(jie)(jie)拍、面漆(qi)烘干爐正常生產節(jie)(jie)(jie)拍、面漆(qi)烘干爐綜合出(chu)車節(jie)(jie)(jie)拍,參考油(you)漆(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度窗口與面漆(qi)烘干爐爐溫(wen)(wen)(wen)曲(qu)線(xian)數據,從爐溫(wen)(wen)(wen)曲(qu)線(xian)可以看出(chu)目前駕駛(shi)室(shi)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)到(dao)工藝溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度需要(yao)的(de)時(shi)間(jian),對(dui)照(zhao)油(you)漆(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度窗口剛(gang)好滿足(zu)工藝要(yao)求的(de)最低限值。
具體改造方案如(ru)下:①提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)面漆(qi)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)爐三區(qu)溫度:調(diao)整(zheng)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)爐主控柜(ju)溫限表參數與(yu)燃燒器點火PLC程序(xu),將各區(qu)溫度由148~150℃調(diao)整(zheng)到158~160℃;②調(diao)整(zheng)機運節拍(pai):面漆(qi)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)爐靠雙鏈輸送(song),提(ti)(ti)(ti)速(su)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需要(yao)同(tong)(tong)步速(su)度,工件升溫至工藝(yi)要(yao)求(qiu)的140℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)13min,工件在140℃的保溫時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)20min,在強冷室的降溫時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)5min,每提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)10℃烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)大(da)約能夠降低烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)5min(因(yin)與(yu)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)爐結(jie)構有關(guan),需要(yao)通(tong)過爐溫測試(shi)儀實測,但要(yao)考慮過烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)問題),因(yin)此可將面漆(qi)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)雙鏈、前后(hou)交接滾床變頻器低速(su)頻率提(ti)(ti)(ti)升5min/(13min+20min-5min)=17.9%,提(ti)(ti)(ti)升節拍(pai)的同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并(bing)保持同(tong)(tong)步。
調整后的溫(wen)度通過(guo)(guo)爐溫(wen)測(ce)(ce)試反映工件(jian)溫(wen)度與烘干時(shi)間完全能達到(dao)工藝(yi)要(yao)求,連續走正常駕駛(shi)室(shi)節(jie)拍(pai)(pai)實測(ce)(ce)由2min/車(che)(che)降為(wei)1.78min/車(che)(che),綜合節(jie)拍(pai)(pai)為(wei)2min/車(che)(che),單車(che)(che)縮短節(jie)拍(pai)(pai)為(wei)0.32min/車(che)(che)。根據(ju)表(biao)1,生(sheng)產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中面漆(qi)線與底漆(qi)線去除維持(chi)(chi)用能額外(wai)(wai)用電與天(tian)然(ran)氣后的費(fei)用比例為(wei)2.43∶1。根據(ju)表(biao)2數據(ju)得出,生(sheng)產時(shi)車(che)(che)間每分鐘去除維持(chi)(chi)用能額外(wai)(wai)用電和天(tian)然(ran)氣費(fei)用為(wei)64.6元(yuan),計(ji)算得面漆(qi)線每分鐘去除維持(chi)(chi)用能額外(wai)(wai)用電和天(tian)然(ran)氣費(fei)用為(wei)64.6元(yuan)×2.43(/2.43+1)=45.77元(yuan),按年產10萬輛計(ji)算,則可節(jie)約(yue)45.77×0.32×100000=1464640元(yuan)。
目前(qian)底(di)漆(qi)線節拍(pai)(pai)瓶頸為脫(tuo)脂(zhi)、磷化(hua)(hua)、電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)爐(lu)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),如能提高這部分(fen)節拍(pai)(pai),可(ke)直接(jie)提升(sheng)整(zheng)條(tiao)電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)線節拍(pai)(pai),大大降低單(dan)車(che)能耗。該項(xiang)共分(fen)2小(xiao)項(xiang):①脫(tuo)脂(zhi)、磷化(hua)(hua)、電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)壓(ya)縮(suo):需要(yao)與輔料供應商商討確定每個雙槽的最小(xiao)運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),實(shi)際測(ce)算目前(qian)的運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),做(zuo)出調整(zheng)計劃(hua)后(hou),改造單(dan)臺(tai)小(xiao)車(che)的運行參數,實(shi)際驗證產品(pin)質量后(hou)再調整(zheng)其他小(xiao)車(che),最后(hou)固化(hua)(hua)。②電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)爐(lu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)壓(ya)縮(suo):查看(kan)電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)漆(qi)的溫(wen)度(du)窗口,目前(qian)為170℃,烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)>20min,在溫(wen)度(du)窗口中溫(wen)度(du)可(ke)提升(sheng),而(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)可(ke)以縮(suo)短(duan),具體方案(an)與面漆(qi)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)爐(lu)壓(ya)縮(suo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)方案(an)一致。
經過(guo)提(ti)溫提(ti)速,目前電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)節拍控制在1.8min/車(che),單(dan)車(che)減少(shao)0.2min/車(che),現(xian)場電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)線(xian)正常生產過(guo)程中每分(fen)鐘(zhong)消耗(hao)能(neng)源費用(yong)為(wei)64.6×1(/2.43+1)=18.83元左右(電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)線(xian)每分(fen)鐘(zhong)消耗(hao)能(neng)源費用(yong)計(ji)算依(yi)據(ju)見表1、表2),按年(nian)產10萬輛計(ji)算,則可(ke)節約(yue)能(neng)源費用(yong)為(wei)18.33元/輛×0.2min/輛×100000輛=376600元。
表1 生產過程中面漆(qi)線(xian)與底漆(qi)線(xian)去除維(wei)持用能額外用電與天然氣后的費用比(bi)例
表(biao)2 項目實(shi)施前一年能源(yuan)統(tong)計分析
涂(tu)裝(zhuang)現場分部生(sheng)產(chan)模式為(wei)一橇兩(liang)車(che)(即2臺同車(che)型(xing)同顏色駕駛(shi)室放置在1個滑橇上生(sheng)產(chan)),改進(jin)前機(ji)器人自動噴(pen)涂(tu)編碼規則共(gong)有9種情況,具體如表3所(suo)示(shi)。當生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)有某種車(che)型(xing)數量(liang)為(wei)奇數情況時,需(xu)要(yao)單橇單車(che)進(jin)行(xing)面漆噴(pen)涂(tu),生(sheng)產(chan)效率(lv)降低50%,嚴重影響生(sheng)產(chan)節拍,需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)改進(jin)。
表(biao)3 改進前機器人自(zi)動噴涂(tu)編碼規則
修(xiu)改(gai)機器(qi)(qi)人自(zi)動(dong)(dong)噴涂(tu)PLC程(cheng)序,通過增加(jia)一位編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(option),在原有機器(qi)(qi)人編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)1~9的(de)基(ji)礎上增加(jia)11~19編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(Body編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)+10*option編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)為(wei)最終編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)),涵蓋(gai)了(le)不(bu)同(tong)車型使用(yong)一個橇(qiao)的(de)生產模式(shi)。因(yin)部分訂單配置為(wei)玻璃鋼面(mian)罩(zhao)(zhao)(由外飾(shi)件(jian)廠(chang)家供(gong)應),車身面(mian)漆時不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)噴涂(tu)金(jin)屬面(mian)罩(zhao)(zhao),故需要(yao)(yao)增加(jia)機器(qi)(qi)人自(zi)動(dong)(dong)噴涂(tu)時無面(mian)罩(zhao)(zhao)噴涂(tu)程(cheng)序編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma),改(gai)進后機器(qi)(qi)人自(zi)動(dong)(dong)噴涂(tu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)規則共(gong)有18種情況。具體如表(biao)4所示(shi)。
表(biao)4 改進后機器人自動噴涂編碼規則(ze)
針對(dui)上(shang)述機器人(ren)自(zi)動噴涂(tu)編碼規則(ze),重新設計相應機器人(ren)軌跡程序與噴涂(tu)表4參數,使之實現自(zi)動切換(huan)噴涂(tu),實現輸入(ru)編碼后(hou)機器人(ren)自(zi)動噴涂(tu)上(shang)述所有組合車型,確保面漆生產(chan)(chan)不再有單橇單車的情況,保證了生產(chan)(chan)節拍(pai)。
增加(jia)機(ji)器(qi)人自(zi)動噴涂時無面罩噴涂程序(xu)減少了(le)油(you)漆浪(lang)費,單車(che)可減少5元(yuan)/車(che)左右,同時混橇生(sheng)產避免一橇單車(che)情況,減少空拍(pai)率,進一步提高面漆綜合節(jie)拍(pai),提高了(le)涂裝(zhuang)現場分部(bu)產能。
經過現場(chang)查看落實,室(shi)內照明燈部分位置會(hui)造成駕駛室(shi)反光影響人員(yuan)對(dui)駕駛室(shi)進行(xing)檢查以及照度高于要(yao)求(qiu)等,因此(ci)存(cun)在(zai)能(neng)源浪費(fei)情況(kuang)。
對(dui)室體所有照明燈(deng)設(she)置編號,將(jiang)不需(xu)開啟(qi)(qi)的(de)照明燈(deng)編制進(jin)入現場精益(yi)生產管(guan)(guan)理(li)規(gui)定,將(jiang)白夜(ye)班均不需(xu)要開啟(qi)(qi)的(de)照明燈(deng)在驗證工(gong)藝條件后(hou)進(jin)行拆(chai)除或斷電,并對(dui)員工(gong)進(jin)行培訓(xun),由(you)設(she)備管(guan)(guan)理(li)員每周巡檢進(jin)行監(jian)督(du)。
經(jing)統(tong)計(ji)共關(guan)閉102盞燈,58W一盞,按年產(chan)250d,每天生產(chan)16h計(ji)算,可節約能(neng)源費用(yong)為17909元。
前處(chu)理(li)預脫(tuo)脂、脫(tuo)脂、磷化(hua)槽(cao)需要(yao)熱水升溫到工(gong)藝要(yao)求,但生(sheng)產結束時(shi)發現(xian)槽(cao)液(ye)溫度(du)(du)長時(shi)間在工(gong)藝溫度(du)(du)以上,存在能源浪費。且氣溫不同,前處(chu)理(li)槽(cao)液(ye)的降溫速(su)度(du)(du)不同,只要(yao)保證(zheng)駕駛室(shi)到位時(shi)溫度(du)(du)在工(gong)藝范圍之內即可。
摸索前(qian)處理槽(cao)液的升溫時(shi)(shi)間與降(jiang)溫速度,縮短(duan)鍋(guo)爐(lu)開(kai)機(ji)運行時(shi)(shi)間,提前(qian)關閉鍋(guo)爐(lu)時(shi)(shi)間。驗(yan)證完畢后,修改鍋(guo)爐(lu)啟停方式(shi)管理規定,同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)前(qian)處理PLC程序中限定保護,當鍋(guo)爐(lu)房(fang)循環水溫度降(jiang)到槽(cao)液溫度以下(xia)時(shi)(shi),關閉板式(shi)換熱器的進水閥門。
經過(guo)驗證,鍋(guo)爐(lu)可延(yan)后開啟20min(2臺鍋(guo)爐(lu)),提前(qian)關閉30min(1臺鍋(guo)爐(lu)),每天(tian)可減少鍋(guo)爐(lu)開啟時間為(wei)70min,鍋(guo)爐(lu)每小(xiao)時消耗天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)量為(wei)100m3/h左右,按年(nian)產250d計算,天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)費(fei)用按3.153元/m3計算,每年(nian)可節約能耗費(fei)用為(wei)91962.5元。
冬季長時間不生產時,需要開啟鍋爐為四號空調(輸調漆間)和溫控間保溫,目前設定為85℃,而四號空調設置溫度為22~30℃,不需要高溫的熱水保溫。
研(yan)究循環水相應(ying)適宜(yi)(yi)調(diao)控(kong)輸調(diao)漆間(jian)與溫控(kong)間(jian)的溫度,找到適宜(yi)(yi)溫度后修改(gai)鍋爐啟停方式管理規定,設(she)(she)定開啟模(mo)式,在(zai)該狀態下水溫設(she)(she)置為30℃。在(zai)保證設(she)(she)備正常運行的基(ji)礎上降低(di)了熱水溫度,減少了能源消耗。
本文通過技改(gai)(gai)(gai)將生產(chan)設備改(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)自動控制啟停、消除(chu)生產(chan)節拍瓶頸、減(jian)少升(sheng)溫設備等改(gai)(gai)(gai)進(jin)措(cuo)施為(wei)企業每(mei)年在(zai)能耗上減(jian)少約200萬(wan)元。綜上所述(shu)車身涂裝(zhuang)生產(chan)線節能優化工(gong)作需持續、有效、重點地進(jin)行(xing),不斷為(wei)企業在(zai)行(xing)業內站穩腳跟奠(dian)定(ding)基礎。