近期(qi),受益于排(pai)放法規(gui)升(sheng)級、超載(zai)(zai)治(zhi)理從嚴(yan)以及(ji)基建投資拉(la)動等多重(zhong)利好因素,國內載(zai)(zai)貨(huo)(huo)汽車市場產(chan)銷(xiao)兩旺。載(zai)(zai)貨(huo)(huo)汽車作為典型的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)資料,客戶(hu)在關注(zhu)車輛(liang)的(de)(de)可靠性與(yu)(yu)(yu)經濟性的(de)(de)同時,也(ye)對車輛(liang)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)質量(liang)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)更高要求。其中,載(zai)(zai)貨(huo)(huo)汽車底(di)(di)盤零(ling)件涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)防腐性與(yu)(yu)(yu)耐候性的(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)就是涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)質量(liang)改善的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)作之(zhi)一,主要是解(jie)決牽引車與(yu)(yu)(yu)二類底(di)(di)盤車底(di)(di)盤零(ling)件的(de)(de)早(zao)期(qi)銹蝕以及(ji)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)失光、變色、粉化等問(wen)題,減少客戶(hu)抱怨。隨著涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)技術(shu)不斷進(jin)步以及(ji)環保法規(gui)日趨嚴(yan)格,應(ying)依(yi)據各類底(di)(di)盤零(ling)件的(de)(de)產(chan)品特點(dian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)技術(shu)要求,選取(qu)適宜的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)材料與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)藝(yi),在重(zhong)點(dian)關注(zhu)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)防腐性能的(de)(de)同時,兼顧涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)外觀(guan)質量(liang)、機械性能、耐候性能以及(ji)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料的(de)(de)施工(gong)性能等。本文(wen)針(zhen)對車(che)架、車(che)輪、車(che)橋與鋼(gang)板(ban)彈簧(huang)等載貨(huo)汽車(che)主要(yao)底盤(pan)零(ling)件(jian),從產品特點、涂(tu)層質(zhi)量要(yao)求、涂(tu)裝工藝(yi)、涂(tu)裝材料等方面進行簡要(yao)解析,提出改善(shan)底盤(pan)零(ling)件(jian)涂(tu)層質(zhi)量的若干思路與建議。車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)是載(zai)貨汽車(che)(che)(che)的整車(che)(che)(che)骨架(jia)(jia),起到支撐連(lian)接(jie)汽車(che)(che)(che)各零(ling)部件的作用,承受多種(zhong)載(zai)荷,是載(zai)貨汽車(che)(che)(che)關鍵的部件總成之一 。車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)涂(tu)(tu)層除了要(yao)求具(ju)有(you)(you)優良的防腐性(xing),同時也要(yao)求具(ju)有(you)(you)良好的耐(nai)候性(xing),例如(ru),有(you)(you)的廠(chang)(chang)家要(yao)求車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)涂(tu)(tu)層耐(nai)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)鹽霧(wu)≥504 h、耐(nai)氙(xian)燈老(lao)化(hua)≥400 h,有(you)(you)的廠(chang)(chang)家要(yao)求車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)涂(tu)(tu)層耐(nai)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)鹽霧(wu)性(xing)≥480 h、耐(nai)紫(zi)外(QUV)老(lao)化(hua)≥300 h 等。根(gen)據車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)生產及涂(tu)(tu)裝類型,大體分為兩(liang)類:車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)裝配后(hou)總成整體涂(tu)(tu)裝與車(che)(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)散件單(dan)獨涂(tu)(tu)裝后(hou)再裝配為總成。國內載貨汽車(che)普(pu)遍(bian)采(cai)用(yong)車(che)架(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配后總成(cheng)整體(ti)(ti)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)藝,基本以陰(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)單(dan)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)為主。有(you)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)線(xian)選用(yong)中(zhong)厚膜環(huan)氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)型陰(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)具有(you)優異的(de)耐(nai)(nai)鹽霧(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和良好的(de)銳(rui)邊涂(tu)(tu)覆效果,但耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)普(pu)遍(bian)較差,極易出現涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)早期失光(guang)、變色,甚至粉(fen)化。有(you)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)線(xian)選用(yong)“底(di)面合(he)一(yi)(yi)”型陰(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao),一(yi)(yi)般要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)具有(you)良好的(de)耐(nai)(nai)鹽霧(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)同時(shi)也要(yao)(yao)具備(bei)較好的(de)耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。這一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)主體(ti)(ti)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)為2種樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)或多種樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)組(zu)分(fen)的(de)混(hun)合(he)物,其中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)種樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)是環(huan)氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi),其他是耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)型樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi),如,丙烯酸(suan)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)或聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)等,通過(guo)化學接枝(zhi)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)或冷拼(pin)技(ji)術達到(dao)特定性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)固化過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),試圖通過(guo)不(bu)同樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)界面張力梯度(du)的(de)作用(yong),使得(de)兩相流動(dong)形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構(gou),耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)在上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)具有(you)高(gao)耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing),環(huan)氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)在下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)具有(you)高(gao)防腐性(xing)(xing)(xing)。如何選擇(ze)具有(you)適當(dang)表面張力差的(de)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)組(zu)分(fen),并穩定控制電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)雙(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構(gou)與性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)是涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)技(ji)術難點。目前(qian)來看,常規(gui)環(huan)氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)型陰(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)無法滿足涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),而“底(di)面合(he)一(yi)(yi)”型陰(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)在兼顧耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)同時(shi),涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)防腐性(xing)(xing)(xing)均有(you)不(bu)同程(cheng)度(du)的(de)調整。為了提(ti)升(sheng)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)質(zhi)量,有(you)的(de)車(che)架(jia)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)線(xian)針對高(gao)端產品采(cai)用(yong)“陰(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)+噴漆或噴粉(fen)”工(gong)藝,噴漆采(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)組(zu)分(fen)丙烯酸(suan)聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)面漆或高(gao)固體(ti)(ti)分(fen)聚(ju)脲面漆,噴粉(fen)采(cai)用(yong)聚(ju)酯(zhi)粉(fen)末涂(tu)(tu)料(liao),較好地保證了車(che)架(jia)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)。近年來,借鑒國外車(che)(che)企成(cheng)熟技(ji)術,國內有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)架(jia)生產線采用(yong)散件單獨涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)后再進行車(che)(che)架(jia)總成(cheng)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi),可以(yi)在保證涂(tu)(tu)層性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,有(you)效解決車(che)(che)架(jia)縫(feng)隙(xi)、夾層以(yi)及零(ling)件裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)貼合面等部位的(de)(de)(de)(de)銹蝕問題。車(che)(che)架(jia)縱梁經拋丸、漆前磷化處理后噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)聚(ju)酯粉(fen)末(mo)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao),涂(tu)(tu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)質(zhi)量、機械性能(neng)、防腐(fu)性能(neng)與耐候性能(neng)俱佳(jia);車(che)(che)架(jia)橫梁等散件推薦“陰(yin)極電泳(yong)+噴(pen)漆或(huo)噴(pen)粉(fen)”涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)工(gong)藝(yi)。采用(yong)這種生產工(gong)藝(yi)方式,車(che)(che)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)本較高(gao),車(che)(che)架(jia)總成(cheng)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)作(zuo)業較多(duo),應重點關注粉(fen)末(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦系數、縱梁粉(fen)末(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)膜厚控(kong)制(zhi)、緊固件(螺(luo)栓、螺(luo)帽與鉚(liu)釘)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面處理質(zhi)量以(yi)及裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接可靠性等問題。載(zai)貨(huo)汽車(che)車(che)輪是(shi)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)保安零部件,在整車(che)中處于特殊位置,工作(zuo)環(huan)境比較惡劣,與(yu)車(che)架涂層(ceng)類似,不僅要(yao)(yao)求具(ju)(ju)有優良的(de)防腐性(xing)(xing)(xing),同時也(ye)要(yao)(yao)求具(ju)(ju)有良好的(de)耐(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing),如,有的(de)廠家要(yao)(yao)求車(che)輪涂層(ceng)耐(nai)中性(xing)(xing)(xing)鹽霧≥400 h、耐(nai)氙燈(deng)老化≥400 h,有的(de)廠家要(yao)(yao)求車(che)輪涂層(ceng)耐(nai)中性(xing)(xing)(xing)鹽霧≥504 h、耐(nai)氙燈(deng)老化≥200 h。國內載(zai)貨汽車鋼質車輪(lun)涂(tu)裝普遍采(cai)用“陰極電泳+面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)”工藝。電泳采(cai)用中(zhong)厚膜常規環氧樹脂型陰極電泳涂(tu)料,涂(tu)層(ceng)的防腐(fu)性(xing)能(neng)優良,但耐候性(xing)能(neng)較差。為(wei)(wei)了(le)提升車輪(lun)的裝飾性(xing)以(yi)及(ji)滿足(zu)涂(tu)層(ceng)的性(xing)能(neng)要求,再進(jin)行(xing)單涂(tu)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)涂(tu)覆,一般為(wei)(wei)銀色金(jin)屬(shu)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(無罩光清漆(qi))。同時(shi),為(wei)(wei)了(le)保證后(hou)續車輪(lun)螺栓連接的可(ke)靠性(xing),重(zhong)點部位應做好面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)涂(tu)層(ceng)的厚度(du)控制或者進(jin)行(xing)必要的涂(tu)裝遮蔽(bi)處理。為了(le)降(jiang)低(di)涂裝(zhuang)成本,不少鋼質車(che)輪(lun)涂裝(zhuang)線已采(cai)用“底面(mian)合一”型(xing)陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳涂料,部(bu)分取消了(le)面(mian)漆工藝。由于車(che)輪(lun)焊接部(bu)位高(gao)溫(wen)氧(yang)化皮(pi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過大(da),極易(yi)導(dao)致焊接部(bu)位無(wu)法電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳上(shang)(shang)涂層,車(che)輪(lun)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳線前必須進行(xing)細致的拋丸(wan)處(chu)理(li)去除氧(yang)化皮(pi)。“底面(mian)合一”型(xing)陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳涂料生(sheng)產應(ying)用中暴露(lu)出(chu)的主要問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)涂層的耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)下降(jiang),車(che)輪(lun)表面(mian)易(yi)出(chu)現點狀銹蝕(shi),零(ling)件的邊緣(yuan)、夾縫與(yu)焊縫等部(bu)位也易(yi)生(sheng)銹“流(liu)黃水”。需要嚴格(ge)控制車(che)輪(lun)工件經拋丸(wan)處(chu)理(li)后的表面(mian)粗糙(cao)度,同時保證“底面(mian)合一”型(xing)陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳涂料的涂層厚(hou)度滿(man)足(zu)性(xing)能要求。載貨汽(qi)車(che)車(che)橋(qiao)是非常重要的底盤(pan)零件,承擔著傳動、承載等功能,主要有(you)沖焊橋(qiao)與(yu)鑄(zhu)造(zao)橋(qiao)兩種類(lei)型。涂(tu)層(ceng)要求具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的防腐(fu)性,如,有(you)的廠家(jia)要求車(che)橋(qiao)總成(外表面)涂(tu)層(ceng)厚度≥50 μm、耐中(zhong)性鹽(yan)霧≥168 h,有(you)的廠家(jia)要求車(che)橋(qiao)總成(外表面)涂(tu)層(ceng)厚度≥60 μm、耐中(zhong)性鹽(yan)霧≥240 h。國內載(zai)貨(huo)汽(qi)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)橋(qiao)總(zong)成涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝普遍采用總(zong)成噴(pen)漆工(gong)藝。由于車(che)(che)橋(qiao)總(zong)成的(de)熱(re)容量大,部分配件(油封(feng)、墊圈等(deng))不(bu)能(neng)(neng)耐(nai)高溫(wen),一般選用低(di)(di)溫(wen)烘烤型(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao),溶(rong)劑型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)有(you)氯(lv)化(hua)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)、氯(lv)醚、氯(lv)磺化(hua)等(deng)品(pin)種,水(shui)性涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)有(you)丙烯酸(suan)改性環(huan)(huan)氧酯、丙烯酸(suan)改性醇酸(suan)等(deng)。目前,低(di)(di)溫(wen)烘烤型(xing)單(dan)組(zu)分水(shui)性防(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)應重點解決涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)的(de)干燥(zao)速度(du)慢,涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)初(chu)始硬度(du)低(di)(di)的(de)問題。車(che)(che)橋(qiao)做為載(zai)貨(huo)汽(qi)車(che)(che)底盤(pan)的(de)典(dian)型(xing)零件,要(yao)求涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)具有(you)良好(hao)的(de)防(fang)(fang)腐性的(de)同時(shi),有(you)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)也(ye)考核耐(nai)候性,單(dan)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)體系需(xu)要(yao)防(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)在(zai)配方設計(ji)上(shang)綜(zong)合考慮。高端(duan)車(che)(che)橋(qiao)產(chan)品(pin)采用“環(huan)(huan)氧防(fang)(fang)腐底漆+丙烯酸(suan)聚(ju)氨酯面漆”的(de)雙(shuang)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)體系,涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)綜(zong)合性能(neng)(neng)優(you)異(yi)。為了提高(gao)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)效率(lv)、保證噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang),產量(liang)(liang)(liang)較大(da)的(de)(de)車橋(qiao)總成涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)線采(cai)用地樁(zhuang)式(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)機器人,高(gao)壓無氣或(huo)(huo)(huo)混氣噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。由(you)于(yu)車橋(qiao)外(wai)觀形狀與(yu)結構比較復雜(za),通常(chang)采(cai)用“機器人+人工(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)方式(shi),人工(gong)(gong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是(shi)彌補機器人噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)無法達到或(huo)(huo)(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)的(de)(de)區域,以提高(gao)整體噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)。對于(yu)外(wai)觀質量(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)高(gao)的(de)(de)非重要(yao)部位(wei),可以使用漆刷(shua)進行點補或(huo)(huo)(huo)刷(shua)涂(tu)(tu)。由于車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)總(zong)成零(ling)部件(jian)品種較多(duo),需(xu)要加(jia)強對毛坯與零(ling)部件(jian)的(de)底(di)(di)漆質量管(guan)控,選(xuan)用(yong)防腐性能優良(liang)的(de)底(di)(di)漆;車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)總(zong)成裝配(pei)后(hou)難涂(tu)裝或(huo)涂(tu)不到涂(tu)料的(de)部位,需(xu)要結合(he)零(ling)部件(jian)特點(dian)進(jin)行涂(tu)裝工藝改善或(huo)防銹處(chu)理(li);車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)總(zong)成噴漆前應進(jin)行脫脂(zhi)、磷化處(chu)理(li),水洗(xi)工序應考慮防銹,避免工件(jian)工序間(jian)生(sheng)銹;根據車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)產品及后(hou)續裝配(pei)要求,應對突緣、車輪螺栓(shuan)、安裝孔等部位進(jin)行遮蔽(bi)處(chu)理(li)。鋼(gang)板(ban)彈(dan)簧是(shi)典型(xing)、特殊的(de)汽車(che)底盤零(ling)件,在車(che)輛(liang)行駛中(zhong)承受高頻往復運動,起著緩沖減震作用,對(dui)車(che)輛(liang)平穩性與安全性起著重要作用,是(shi)載貨(huo)汽車(che)廣泛應用的(de)懸架彈(dan)性元(yuan)件,分為多片簧和少片簧。有(you)(you)資(zi)料顯示,由(you)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)缺陷引起的(de)鋼(gang)板(ban)彈(dan)簧的(de)早期(qi)銹蝕,銹蝕點將成為鋼(gang)板(ban)彈(dan)簧新的(de)疲(pi)勞源(yuan),從而影(ying)響鋼(gang)板(ban)彈(dan)簧的(de)疲(pi)勞壽命。鋼(gang)板(ban)彈(dan)簧涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)要求(qiu)具有(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)防腐性能,如,有(you)(you)的(de)廠家(jia)要求(qiu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)耐中(zhong)性鹽霧≥120 h,有(you)(you)的(de)廠家(jia)要求(qiu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)耐中(zhong)性鹽霧≥240 h。為了提高強(qiang)度(du)與(yu)(yu)疲勞(lao)壽命(ming),鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)均要求(qiu)進行(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan),但國內廠(chang)家有(you)(you)的(de)僅單(dan)面(mian)(mian)(凹面(mian)(mian))進行(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan),板(ban)(ban)(ban)簧(huang)片(pian)(pian)另一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(凸面(mian)(mian))表面(mian)(mian)不同程(cheng)度(du)存有(you)(you)氧(yang)化(hua)皮(pi),嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)涂(tu)層的(de)附著力(li)與(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)腐性(xing)(xing)。建(jian)(jian)議(yi)采用(yong)“一(yi)般噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)+應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)”工藝,既清(qing)除氧(yang)化(hua)皮(pi),又(you)可達成產品特(te)性(xing)(xing)要求(qiu)。由于鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)為疊(die)接結(jie)構,夾縫部位容易(yi)出現早期銹蝕,應(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)簧(huang)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)涂(tu)裝(陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)或噴(pen)(pen)(pen)漆),裝配后鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)總(zong)成再(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)漆或補(bu)漆。鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)熱容量大,建(jian)(jian)議(yi)使用(yong)低溫固化(hua)型(xing)陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)料,固化(hua)溫度(du)低至150 ℃的(de)陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)料已有(you)(you)生產應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)案例(li),可低溫解封的(de)封閉異氰酸酯交(jiao)聯劑的(de)選(xuan)用(yong)以及(ji)復合催化(hua)體系(xi)的(de)引用(yong)是新型(xing)電(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)料開(kai)發(fa)的(de)關鍵技術。板(ban)(ban)(ban)簧(huang)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)電(dian)泳(yong)后再(zai)裝配的(de)鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)總(zong)成進行(xing)面(mian)(mian)漆噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu),建(jian)(jian)議(yi)選(xuan)用(yong)兼(jian)具(ju)防(fang)(fang)腐性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)耐候性(xing)(xing)的(de)涂(tu)料。板(ban)(ban)(ban)簧(huang)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)漆應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)防(fang)(fang)腐底漆,裝配后的(de)鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)總(zong)成進行(xing)面(mian)(mian)漆噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu),也應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)兼(jian)具(ju)防(fang)(fang)腐性(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)耐候性(xing)(xing)的(de)涂(tu)料,建(jian)(jian)議(yi)采用(yong)低溫快干型(xing)水性(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)料與(yu)(yu)“底面(mian)(mian)合一(yi)”型(xing)水性(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)料。底(di)盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)是(shi)國內(nei)載貨(huo)汽(qi)車涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)中較為(wei)薄弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節,底(di)盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)質(zhi)量提(ti)(ti)升一(yi)直是(shi)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)量改(gai)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要內(nei)容之一(yi)。隨著涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)材料(liao)與(yu)工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷進步,以(yi)水性(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)、高固(gu)體分(fen)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)與(yu)粉(fen)末涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)為(wei)代表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)技術(shu)正在越來越多地應用于(yu)各類底(di)盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)生產。需要更加重視底(di)盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件各類基材的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)質(zhi)量以(yi)及前處理質(zhi)量。底(di)盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)在滿足防腐(fu)性(xing)(xing)與(yu)耐候性(xing)(xing)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,還需要考(kao)慮車輛(liang)底(di)盤(pan)(pan)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)(hu)性(xing)(xing)與(yu)裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升。針(zhen)對底(di)盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件某些(xie)涂(tu)(tu)覆防護(hu)(hu)難(nan)度(du)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部位,如,腔型結構部位、裝(zhuang)配貼合面(mian)、運動連接面(mian)等,如何(he)進行有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)防護(hu)(hu)仍需要深入研究。