電(dian)泳涂裝的(de)原(yuan)理發明于是(shi)(shi)20世紀30年代末(mo)，但開發這一技術(shu)并獲得工(gong)業應用是(shi)(shi)在(zai)1963年以后(hou)，電(dian)泳涂裝是(shi)(shi)近30年來(lai)發展起(qi)來(lai)的(de)一種(zhong)特殊(shu)涂膜形成方法(fa)，是(shi)(shi)對水性(xing)(xing)涂料最具有實際意義的(de)施工(gong)工(gong)藝。具有水溶性(xing)(xing)、無毒(du)、易于自動化控制等(deng)特點(dian)，迅(xun)速在(zai)汽車、建材、五(wu)金、家電(dian)等(deng)行(xing)業得到廣泛的(de)應用。

電泳涂裝設備可以分為連續通過式和間歇垂直升降式兩大類，連續通過式電泳設備組成流水生產線，適于大批量涂裝生產，在工業上應用很廣;而間歇垂直升降式，初始形式是采用單軌電葫蘆，用人工控制，適用于批量較小的涂裝作業。近年來隨著計算機技術的進步，機電一體化技術發展很快，用微機控制垂直升降的程控小車已在涂裝生產線獲得應用，它同連續通過式電泳設備相比，同樣批量的生產線長度顯著縮短，而且具有靈活變化各工藝過程的優點，備受人們的關注。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝是(shi)把工(gong)(gong)件(jian)和(he)對應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極放(fang)入水(shui)溶性涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)，接上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后(hou)，依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)作用(yong)，使涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)樹(shu)脂、顏填料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)以(yi)被涂(tu)物(wu)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)表面上均勻析出沉積形成不溶于水(shui)的(de)(de)漆(qi)膜(mo)的(de)(de)一種涂(tu)裝方(fang)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝是(shi)一個(ge)極為(wei)復雜(za)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反(fan)應過(guo)程，其中(zhong)至少(shao)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沉積、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解四個(ge)過(guo)程。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝按沉積性能可分為(wei)陽極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(工(gong)(gong)件(jian)是(shi)陽極，涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)陰離子型(xing))和(he)陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(工(gong)(gong)件(jian)是(shi)陰極，涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)陽離子型(xing));按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可分為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)和(he)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong);按工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)法(fa)又有定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流法(fa)。目前在(zai)工(gong)(gong)業上較為(wei)廣泛(fan)采用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)法(fa)的(de)(de)陽極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)生(sheng)產(chan)線包(bao)括(kuo)前處理(li),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)后(hou)清(qing)洗(xi)（UF0 液(ye)(ye)(ye)洗(xi)，UF1 液(ye)(ye)(ye)洗(xi)，UF2液(ye)(ye)(ye)洗(xi)，循環純水(shui)洗(xi)， 新鮮(xian)純水(shui)洗(xi)），吹干(gan)和(he)烘干(gan)（涂(tu)膜(mo)固化(hua)）等工(gong)(gong)序組成。