涂(tu)料，涂(tu)布(bu)在物體表面(mian)形(xing)成薄膜而產(chan)生(sheng)裝飾、防銹、絕(jue)緣、保護(hu)以及掩(yan)飾產(chan)品缺陷等(deng)其他特殊作(zuo)用，多為(wei)(wei)(wei)液體和固態材(cai)料。早期涂(tu)料主要(yao)使用食用油(you)，所以又稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)油(you)漆。涂(tu)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)高分子材(cai)料，具有(you)幾乎所有(you)的高分子材(cai)料所具有(you)的優良性能。

每一種(zhong)粉(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)都有(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曲(qu)線，在(zai)一定(ding)溫(wen)度(du)和(he)時間范圍內可以達到(dao)完全(quan)(quan)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)，為了提(ti)高(gao)(gao)效率、降低成(cheng)(cheng)本而違(wei)反(fan)規律，縮(suo)短固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)時間的(de)(de)做法是不(bu)可取(qu)的(de)(de)，如果(guo)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度(du)或時間不(bu)夠，則會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)不(bu)完全(quan)(quan)，應有(you)(you)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)發揮不(bu)出(chu)來，其物理特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會大(da)大(da)下降，粉(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)氟(fu)樹(shu)脂(zhi)，除了具備氟(fu)樹(shu)脂(zhi)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)外，必須要有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)儲存穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、流動性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)耐(nai)黃變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)易(yi)加工(gong)(gong)應用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)等，因(yin)此熱固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氟(fu)粉(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)樹(shu)脂(zhi)相比于溶劑型FEVE氟(fu)樹(shu)脂(zhi)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)藝配方組成(cheng)(cheng)研究(jiu)和(he)選(xuan)擇上是具有(you)(you)相當(dang)難度(du)的(de)(de)耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也不(bu)會好(hao)(hao)(hao)，裝飾性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、防腐性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)都達不(bu)到(dao)預期效果(guo)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)低溫(wen)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)層即使完全(quan)(quan)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)，也沒有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)層性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，特(te)別是固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)成(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)(de)一些(xie)工(gong)(gong)件，在(zai)沖(chong)壓、折彎(wan)處會形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)細小的(de)(de)裂紋(wen)，水分會沿著裂紋(wen)滲透，并很快(kuai)使基材腐蝕，我們可以看(kan)見戶外使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)隔柵，在(zai)投入使用(yong)(yong)不(bu)久就會在(zai)路口的(de)(de)圓(yuan)弧轉(zhuan)彎(wan)處出(chu)現銹的(de)(de)痕跡，這跟烘烤溫(wen)度(du)和(he)時間及噴涂(tu)(tu)后(hou)折彎(wan)有(you)(you)直接的(de)(de)關系。

涂料(liao)的成(cheng)分(fen)主要包括樹(shu)脂(zhi)(如聚氨酯)、顏(yan)料(liao)、助劑成(cheng)分(fen)和溶劑。有人(ren)認為(wei)(wei)加熱溫(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)(di)一(yi)些，反應速(su)(su)度(du)(du)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，流(liu)平(ping)可以好一(yi)些，其(qi)實(shi)正(zheng)好相(xiang)反，因為(wei)(wei)粉末噴涂后(hou)，其(qi)熔化和固化幾乎是(shi)同(tong)時進行(xing)的，加熱迅速(su)(su)、溫(wen)度(du)(du)升(sheng)得快(kuai)，體系粘(zhan)度(du)(du)迅速(su)(su)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，在(zai)膠化前已經(jing)完成(cheng)流(liu)平(ping)過程(cheng)，這(zhe)樣的板面(mian)流(liu)平(ping)性好，且桔皮物少(shao)。同(tong)時涂料(liao)對表面(mian)可以很(hen)好濕(shi)潤，可改進其(qi)附著(zhu)力，耐(nai)久性較好。由(you)于迅速(su)(su)地固化，膜層內部應力會(hui)多(duo)些，但由(you)于涂膜較薄，物理(li)特性影響很(hen)小。相(xiang)反如果(guo)加熱緩慢(man)，體系粘(zhan)度(du)(du)總是(shi)保持一(yi)個(ge)較高的水平(ping)，這(zhe)時固化已經(jing)開始，隨著(zhu)反應的進行(xing)，粘(zhan)度(du)(du)又(you)在(zai)不斷(duan)升(sheng)高，流(liu)平(ping)效果(guo)就不會(hui)好。

總之，要想很快(kuai)進行加(jia)熱以較短時(shi)間到(dao)(dao)達固(gu)化(hua)溫度(du)，可以得到(dao)(dao)理想的(de)涂裝(zhuang)效果和長(chang)期保護功能，加(jia)熱溫度(du)低、時(shi)間過(guo)長(chang)的(de)話，則(ze)在粉末涂料熔(rong)化(hua)、流(liu)平及(ji)濕潤被涂物以前就會發生固(gu)化(hua)作(zuo)用，則(ze)物理性(xing)質就不理想。同(tong)時(shi)揮(hui)發物很難跑掉(diao)，從而導致在有(you)腐蝕性(xing)條件(jian)下，涂層會提前損壞，裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)和保護性(xing)得不到(dao)(dao)體現(xian)。