隨著我國汽車工業的蓬勃發展，競爭日趨激烈，價格戰不可避免，汽車工業的高利潤時代將一去不復返了。涂裝環保(bao)設備降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成本、提高效(xiao)益是汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業的必(bi)然(ran)選擇。降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成本涉及到投資規劃(hua)、產(chan)品設計(ji)、配套采購、生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝、產(chan)品銷售、過程管理等(deng)多方面的因素。這里揭示(shi)僅從(cong)汽(qi)車(che)涂裝工(gong)藝設計(ji)角度，談談怎樣降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成本。

汽車涂裝是汽車制造的四大工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)之一(yi)，大規模汽車涂裝(zhuang)線不(bu)僅(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)周期長(chang)，而且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程投(tou)資巨大。涂裝(zhuang)環保(bao)設(she)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設(she)計是涂裝(zhuang)線建(jian)設(she)的“龍(long)頭(tou)”，它不(bu)僅(jin)直接影響(xiang)投(tou)資成(cheng)本，而且(qie)還關系到涂裝(zhuang)質量和(he)生產成(cheng)本，因(yin)此，從涂裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設(she)計源頭(tou)上考慮成(cheng)本。對(dui)降成(cheng)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)作非(fei)常重要。

生產綱領的確定

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綱(gang)(gang)領是工藝設計(ji)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要設計(ji)依據，直接(jie)關(guan)系到(dao)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。新建(jian)涂裝線生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綱(gang)(gang)領的(de)(de)確(que)(que)定(ding)，主要是根據企業發展規劃(hua)及對市場的(de)(de)預(yu)測，由于存在(zai)諸多的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)因(yin)素，所以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綱(gang)(gang)領難以把握準確(que)(que)，太小可能(neng)(neng)完不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)任務，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市場損(sun)失(shi)(shi)，太大(da)可能(neng)(neng)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)增加，不(bu)(bu)僅浪(lang)(lang)費建(jian)設投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，而且還會(hui)(hui)增加單件產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。汽(qi)車產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)關(guan)系十分密(mi)切。在(zai)汽(qi)車涂裝中尤其明(ming)顯，未達到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)批量，開動(dong)大(da)規模涂裝線，很可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)導致生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)虧本(ben)(ben)(ben)。有(you)公司曾(ceng)經(jing)出現過(guo)大(da)規模涂裝線已經(jing)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，但因(yin)無生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)批量而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)開動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線的(de)(de)教訓，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)量資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)閑(xian)置，資(zi)(zi)(zi)金浪(lang)(lang)費。在(zai)確(que)(que)定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綱(gang)(gang)領時(shi)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要十分慎(shen)重(zhong)，避免投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)慎(shen)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)大(da)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)。認為，若預(yu)期的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量不(bu)(bu)很明(ming)確(que)(que)。或預(yu)計(ji)產(chan)(chan)品市場需要一(yi)(yi)個較長的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長過(guo)程(cheng)，在(zai)設計(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綱(gang)(gang)領時(shi)不(bu)(bu)妨相對保守(shou)一(yi)(yi)些，或采取滾(gun)動(dong)發展的(de)(de)策略。

對設(she)計生(sheng)產綱領(ling)偏小，造成(cheng)生(sheng)產能力(li)過(guo)飽(bao)和的(de)(de)問題。可以(yi)采(cai)取(qu)一(yi)些(xie)應對措施，主要可以(yi)提高設(she)備的(de)(de)年(nian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)基數(shu)(shu)(shu)及設(she)備開(kai)動(dong)(dong)率。國內大(da)多數(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產線的(de)(de)年(nian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)基數(shu)(shu)(shu)及設(she)備開(kai)動(dong)(dong)率計算留有相當的(de)(de)余量(liang)，年(nian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)基數(shu)(shu)(shu)計算扣除了所有雙(shuang)休日(ri)和節(jie)假日(ri)等(deng)，設(she)備開(kai)動(dong)(dong)率計算也比國外偏低，因此，提高設(she)備年(nian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)基數(shu)(shu)(shu)及設(she)備開(kai)動(dong)(dong)率的(de)(de)空間很(hen)大(da)。提高設(she)備的(de)(de)年(nian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)基數(shu)(shu)(shu)，增(zeng)加設(she)備的(de)(de)負(fu)荷率，不但可以(yi)提高產量(liang)，還可以(yi)降低單(dan)件產品的(de)(de)生(sheng)產成(cheng)本。

涂裝能(neng)(neng)力的(de)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)發展也有(you)(you)(you)兩種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)本模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)當(dang)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力難以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足生產(chan)(chan)(chan)需要時，重(zhong)新建設(she)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)；另一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)在原有(you)(you)(you)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)補充、改(gai)造，提高(gao)其生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力。盡管是(shi)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)發展。但一(yi)次設(she)計規劃相當(dang)重(zhong)要，特別是(shi)對于第二種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。在一(yi)期設(she)計中就應設(she)計好二期的(de)補充、改(gai)造方案。有(you)(you)(you)利于降低(di)改(gai)造成(cheng)本及施工周期。以(yi)(yi)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)發展的(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)能(neng)(neng)力建設(she)．如僅從單位生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)投資額考慮(lv)，可能(neng)(neng)要大(da)于一(yi)次性投資，但若考慮(lv)投資風險、綜合成(cheng)本等因素，滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)發展是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)實用的(de)能(neng)(neng)力建設(she)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。在國內汽車行(xing)業有(you)(you)(you)不少這種(zhong)成(cheng)功的(de)先例。