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近期,受益(yi)于排放法規(gui)升級、超(chao)載(zai)治理從嚴(yan)以及(ji)(ji)基建投資拉動等多重(zhong)利好因素,國內載(zai)貨汽車(che)市(shi)場產銷兩旺。載(zai)貨汽車(che)作為典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)生產資料(liao),客戶在關注(zhu)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)可靠性與經(jing)濟性的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi),也對車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)提(ti)出了更高要求。其中,載(zai)貨汽車(che)底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)件涂(tu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)防腐性與耐候性的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升就是(shi)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)改善的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點工作之一,主要是(shi)解決牽(qian)引車(che)與二類底盤(pan)(pan)車(che)底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)早期銹蝕(shi)以及(ji)(ji)涂(tu)層(ceng)失光、變(bian)色(se)、粉化等問題(ti),減少(shao)客戶抱怨(yuan)。隨著涂(tu)裝(zhuang)技術不斷進步以及(ji)(ji)環保法規(gui)日(ri)趨(qu)嚴(yan)格,應(ying)依(yi)據各(ge)類底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)產品特點與技術要求,選取適宜的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)與工藝,在重(zhong)點關注(zhu)涂(tu)層(ceng)防腐性能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi),兼顧(gu)涂(tu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)外觀質(zhi)量(liang)、機械性能(neng)(neng)(neng)、耐候性能(neng)(neng)(neng)以及(ji)(ji)涂(tu)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)施工性能(neng)(neng)(neng)等。
本文針對車(che)(che)架、車(che)(che)輪、車(che)(che)橋(qiao)與鋼板(ban)彈簧等載貨汽車(che)(che)主要底盤零(ling)件,從(cong)產品特點(dian)、涂層質(zhi)(zhi)量要求、涂裝工(gong)藝、涂裝材料等方面進行簡要解(jie)析,提出改善(shan)底盤零(ling)件涂層質(zhi)(zhi)量的若干思路與建議。
1 車架
車(che)(che)架(jia)是載貨(huo)汽車(che)(che)的(de)整車(che)(che)骨架(jia),起到支撐(cheng)連接(jie)汽車(che)(che)各零部(bu)件的(de)作用,承(cheng)受(shou)多種載荷(he),是載貨(huo)汽車(che)(che)關鍵(jian)的(de)部(bu)件總成(cheng)之一 。車(che)(che)架(jia)涂(tu)層除了(le)要求(qiu)具有(you)(you)優良的(de)防(fang)腐性(xing)(xing),同時也要求(qiu)具有(you)(you)良好的(de)耐(nai)(nai)候性(xing)(xing),例如,有(you)(you)的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)要求(qiu)車(che)(che)架(jia)涂(tu)層耐(nai)(nai)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽(yan)霧≥504 h、耐(nai)(nai)氙(xian)燈老(lao)化≥400 h,有(you)(you)的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)要求(qiu)車(che)(che)架(jia)涂(tu)層耐(nai)(nai)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽(yan)霧性(xing)(xing)≥480 h、耐(nai)(nai)紫外(QUV)老(lao)化≥300 h 等。根據車(che)(che)架(jia)生產及涂(tu)裝(zhuang)類型,大體分為兩類:車(che)(che)架(jia)裝(zhuang)配后總成(cheng)整體涂(tu)裝(zhuang)與車(che)(che)架(jia)散(san)件單獨涂(tu)裝(zhuang)后再(zai)裝(zhuang)配為總成(cheng)。
國內載貨(huo)汽車(che)普遍采(cai)用(yong)車(che)架(jia)裝(zhuang)配后總成整體涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)工藝,基(ji)本以陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)單涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)體系(xi)為(wei)主。有(you)(you)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)線(xian)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)厚膜(mo)環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料,要求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)具(ju)有(you)(you)優異的(de)耐(nai)(nai)鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)性(xing)(xing)和良好(hao)的(de)銳邊涂(tu)(tu)(tu)覆(fu)效果,但耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)普遍較差(cha),極易出(chu)現涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)早期失光(guang)、變色,甚至粉化。有(you)(you)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)線(xian)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)“底(di)面合(he)一”型陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料,一般要求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)具(ju)有(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)同時也(ye)要具(ju)備較好(hao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)。這一體系(xi)的(de)主體樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)2種(zhong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)種(zhong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組分(fen)的(de)混合(he)物,其中(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其他是耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)型樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如(ru),丙(bing)(bing)烯酸(suan)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)聚氨酯(zhi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,通過化學接枝改性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)冷拼技術(shu)(shu)達到特定性(xing)(xing)能要求(qiu)(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)固化過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),試圖通過不(bu)同樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界面張力梯度的(de)作用(yong),使(shi)得兩相流動形成一定程(cheng)度的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou),耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在上層(ceng)(ceng)具(ju)有(you)(you)高耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing),環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在下層(ceng)(ceng)具(ju)有(you)(you)高防腐(fu)性(xing)(xing)。如(ru)何選(xuan)(xuan)擇具(ju)有(you)(you)適當(dang)表面張力差(cha)的(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組分(fen),并穩定控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)雙層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)與性(xing)(xing)能是涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料開發的(de)技術(shu)(shu)難點(dian)。目前來看(kan),常規環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料無法滿足涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)要求(qiu)(qiu),而(er)“底(di)面合(he)一”型陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料在兼(jian)顧耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)的(de)同時,涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)防腐(fu)性(xing)(xing)均有(you)(you)不(bu)同程(cheng)度的(de)調整。為(wei)了提(ti)升涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)質量,有(you)(you)的(de)車(che)架(jia)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)線(xian)針對高端產品采(cai)用(yong)“陰(yin)(yin)極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)+噴(pen)漆(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)噴(pen)粉”工藝,噴(pen)漆(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)雙組分(fen)丙(bing)(bing)烯酸(suan)聚氨酯(zhi)面漆(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)高固體分(fen)聚脲面漆(qi)(qi),噴(pen)粉采(cai)用(yong)聚酯(zhi)粉末涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料,較好(hao)地保證了車(che)架(jia)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)(xing)能。
近(jin)年來,借鑒國(guo)外車(che)企成熟技術,國(guo)內有的(de)(de)(de)車(che)架(jia)生產(chan)線采(cai)用散件(jian)單獨(du)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后再進行車(che)架(jia)總(zong)成裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝,可(ke)以在(zai)保證涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)同時,有效解(jie)決車(che)架(jia)縫隙、夾(jia)層(ceng)以及零(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)貼合面等部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)銹蝕(shi)問(wen)題(ti)。車(che)架(jia)縱梁經拋丸、漆前磷化處理后噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)聚酯粉(fen)末涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料,涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)質(zhi)量(liang)、機械性能(neng)、防腐性能(neng)與耐(nai)候性能(neng)俱佳;車(che)架(jia)橫梁等散件(jian)推薦“陰極電泳(yong)+噴(pen)漆或(huo)噴(pen)粉(fen)”涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)藝。采(cai)用這種生產(chan)工(gong)藝方式,車(che)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)成本較(jiao)高(gao),車(che)架(jia)總(zong)成裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)作(zuo)業(ye)較(jiao)多,應重點關(guan)注粉(fen)末涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)摩擦(ca)系數、縱梁粉(fen)末涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)膜厚控制、緊固件(jian)(螺栓、螺帽與鉚釘)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面處理質(zhi)量(liang)以及裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)可(ke)靠(kao)性等問(wen)題(ti)。
2 車輪
載貨汽車(che)車(che)輪(lun)是(shi)重要(yao)的(de)保安零部件,在整車(che)中處于特殊位置,工作(zuo)環境比較惡劣,與車(che)架涂(tu)層(ceng)類似,不僅要(yao)求具有(you)優良(liang)的(de)防腐性,同時也要(yao)求具有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)耐(nai)候性,如(ru),有(you)的(de)廠家要(yao)求車(che)輪(lun)涂(tu)層(ceng)耐(nai)中性鹽霧≥400 h、耐(nai)氙(xian)燈老化≥400 h,有(you)的(de)廠家要(yao)求車(che)輪(lun)涂(tu)層(ceng)耐(nai)中性鹽霧≥504 h、耐(nai)氙(xian)燈老化≥200 h。
國內載貨汽車(che)鋼質(zhi)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)普遍采用(yong)“陰極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)+面漆(qi)”工(gong)藝。電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)采用(yong)中(zhong)厚(hou)膜常規環氧(yang)樹脂型陰極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)(tu)料,涂(tu)(tu)層的(de)防腐性(xing)能優良,但(dan)耐(nai)候性(xing)能較差。為了(le)(le)提升(sheng)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)以及滿足(zu)涂(tu)(tu)層的(de)性(xing)能要(yao)求,再進行(xing)單涂(tu)(tu)層面漆(qi)涂(tu)(tu)覆,一般為銀色(se)金屬面漆(qi)(無罩光清漆(qi))。同(tong)時(shi),為了(le)(le)保證后續車(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)螺栓連接的(de)可靠(kao)性(xing),重點(dian)部位應做好面漆(qi)涂(tu)(tu)層的(de)厚(hou)度(du)控制或者進行(xing)必要(yao)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)遮蔽處理。
為(wei)了降(jiang)低涂(tu)裝(zhuang)成本,不(bu)少鋼質(zhi)車輪(lun)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)線已采用(yong)(yong)“底面(mian)合(he)(he)一”型陰極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂(tu)料,部分取(qu)消了面(mian)漆工藝(yi)。由于車輪(lun)焊接部位(wei)高溫氧化皮電(dian)(dian)阻過大,極易導致焊接部位(wei)無法電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)上涂(tu)層,車輪(lun)上電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)線前必須進行細致的(de)拋(pao)丸(wan)處理去除氧化皮。“底面(mian)合(he)(he)一”型陰極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂(tu)料生(sheng)(sheng)產應用(yong)(yong)中暴露出(chu)的(de)主要問(wen)題是涂(tu)層的(de)耐腐蝕性(xing)下降(jiang),車輪(lun)表(biao)面(mian)易出(chu)現(xian)點狀銹蝕,零件的(de)邊緣、夾縫(feng)與焊縫(feng)等部位(wei)也易生(sheng)(sheng)銹“流黃(huang)水”。需要嚴格(ge)控制車輪(lun)工件經拋(pao)丸(wan)處理后的(de)表(biao)面(mian)粗(cu)糙(cao)度,同時保證“底面(mian)合(he)(he)一”型陰極電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂(tu)料的(de)涂(tu)層厚度滿足性(xing)能要求。
3 車橋
載貨汽車車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)是非(fei)常(chang)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)底盤(pan)零件(jian),承擔著傳動、承載等功(gong)能,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)沖焊橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)與(yu)鑄造橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)兩種(zhong)類型。涂(tu)層要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)具有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)防(fang)腐(fu)性,如,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)總(zong)成(外(wai)表面(mian))涂(tu)層厚度≥50 μm、耐中性鹽霧≥168 h,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)車橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)總(zong)成(外(wai)表面(mian))涂(tu)層厚度≥60 μm、耐中性鹽霧≥240 h。
國內載貨(huo)汽(qi)(qi)車車橋總成(cheng)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝普遍采(cai)(cai)用總成(cheng)噴漆(qi)工(gong)藝。由于車橋總成(cheng)的(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)大,部分(fen)配(pei)件(油封(feng)、墊圈等)不能耐(nai)高溫,一般選用低溫烘烤型(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料,溶(rong)劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料有(you)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)橡膠、氯(lv)醚、氯(lv)磺化(hua)(hua)等品(pin)種(zhong),水性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料有(you)丙烯(xi)酸改性(xing)環氧(yang)酯(zhi)、丙烯(xi)酸改性(xing)醇(chun)酸等。目(mu)前,低溫烘烤型(xing)單組分(fen)水性(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料應重點解決涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層的(de)干燥速度慢(man),涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層初始硬度低的(de)問題。車橋做為載貨(huo)汽(qi)(qi)車底盤的(de)典型(xing)零件,要(yao)求涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層具有(you)良好的(de)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性(xing)的(de)同時,有(you)的(de)產品(pin)也(ye)考核耐(nai)候性(xing),單涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層體(ti)系需要(yao)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料在配(pei)方設計上綜(zong)合(he)(he)考慮。高端(duan)車橋產品(pin)采(cai)(cai)用“環氧(yang)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)底漆(qi)+丙烯(xi)酸聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)面漆(qi)”的(de)雙涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層體(ti)系,涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層綜(zong)合(he)(he)性(xing)能優異。
為了提(ti)高(gao)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)效(xiao)率、保證噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),產(chan)量(liang)(liang)較大的(de)(de)車(che)橋總成涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝線采(cai)用(yong)地樁(zhuang)式噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren),高(gao)壓(ya)無氣或(huo)混氣噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)藝。由(you)于車(che)橋外(wai)觀形狀與結構比較復雜,通常采(cai)用(yong)“機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)+人(ren)工(gong)”的(de)(de)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)方式,人(ren)工(gong)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是彌補機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)無法達到或(huo)噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)不(bu)到位(wei)的(de)(de)區域,以提(ti)高(gao)整體噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。對于外(wai)觀質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要求不(bu)高(gao)的(de)(de)非重要部位(wei),可以使用(yong)漆刷進行點補或(huo)刷涂(tu)(tu)(tu)。
由(you)于(yu)車(che)橋(qiao)(qiao)總成(cheng)零部件(jian)品種(zhong)較多,需要(yao)加強(qiang)對(dui)毛(mao)坯與零部件(jian)的(de)底漆(qi)質(zhi)量管控,選用(yong)防(fang)腐性能優良的(de)底漆(qi);車(che)橋(qiao)(qiao)總成(cheng)裝(zhuang)配后難涂裝(zhuang)或涂不(bu)到涂料的(de)部位,需要(yao)結(jie)合零部件(jian)特點進行(xing)涂裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)改善或防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理;車(che)橋(qiao)(qiao)總成(cheng)噴漆(qi)前應(ying)進行(xing)脫脂(zhi)、磷(lin)化處(chu)理,水(shui)洗工(gong)(gong)序應(ying)考慮防(fang)銹(xiu),避免(mian)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)序間生銹(xiu);根據車(che)橋(qiao)(qiao)產品及后續(xu)裝(zhuang)配要(yao)求,應(ying)對(dui)突緣、車(che)輪螺栓(shuan)、安裝(zhuang)孔等部位進行(xing)遮蔽處(chu)理。
4 鋼板彈簧
鋼(gang)板彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)是(shi)(shi)典型(xing)、特殊的(de)(de)汽車(che)底盤零(ling)件(jian),在車(che)輛(liang)行駛中(zhong)承受(shou)高(gao)頻往復(fu)運動,起著緩沖減震作用(yong)(yong),對車(che)輛(liang)平穩性(xing)(xing)與安全性(xing)(xing)起著重要作用(yong)(yong),是(shi)(shi)載貨汽車(che)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)懸(xuan)架彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)元件(jian),分為多(duo)片簧(huang)(huang)(huang)和少片簧(huang)(huang)(huang)。有(you)(you)資料(liao)顯示,由(you)涂(tu)層缺陷引起的(de)(de)鋼(gang)板彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)早期(qi)銹(xiu)蝕,銹(xiu)蝕點將成為鋼(gang)板彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)新的(de)(de)疲勞源,從而影響(xiang)鋼(gang)板彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)疲勞壽命。鋼(gang)板彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)涂(tu)層要求具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)防腐性(xing)(xing)能(neng),如(ru),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)廠(chang)家要求涂(tu)層耐中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽(yan)霧≥120 h,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)廠(chang)家要求涂(tu)層耐中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽(yan)霧≥240 h。
為(wei)了提高強度(du)與疲勞壽命,鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)彈簧(huang)均(jun)要求進(jin)行(xing)應力(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)丸,但國內廠(chang)家有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)僅單(dan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(凹面(mian)(mian)(mian))進(jin)行(xing)應力(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)丸,板(ban)(ban)簧(huang)片(pian)另一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(凸面(mian)(mian)(mian))表面(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)同程度(du)存有氧(yang)化(hua)皮(pi),嚴重影響涂(tu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附著(zhu)力(li)與防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐性。建(jian)議(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“一(yi)般(ban)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)丸+應力(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)丸”工藝,既清除(chu)氧(yang)化(hua)皮(pi),又可達成(cheng)(cheng)產品(pin)特性要求。由于鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)彈簧(huang)為(wei)疊接結構,夾縫部位容易出現早期銹蝕,應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)板(ban)(ban)簧(huang)單(dan)片(pian)涂(tu)裝(陰極電泳(yong)或噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)漆(qi)(qi)),裝配后(hou)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)彈簧(huang)總成(cheng)(cheng)再(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)漆(qi)(qi)或補漆(qi)(qi)。鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)彈簧(huang)熱容量大,建(jian)議(yi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)溫(wen)固(gu)化(hua)型陰極電泳(yong)涂(tu)料(liao),固(gu)化(hua)溫(wen)度(du)低(di)至150 ℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極電泳(yong)涂(tu)料(liao)已有生(sheng)產應用(yong)(yong)(yong)案例,可低(di)溫(wen)解封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)閉異(yi)氰酸酯(zhi)交聯劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)以及復合催化(hua)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是新型電泳(yong)涂(tu)料(liao)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵技術。板(ban)(ban)簧(huang)單(dan)片(pian)電泳(yong)后(hou)再(zai)裝配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)彈簧(huang)總成(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu),建(jian)議(yi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)兼具(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐性與耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)料(liao)。板(ban)(ban)簧(huang)單(dan)片(pian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)漆(qi)(qi)應選用(yong)(yong)(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐底漆(qi)(qi),裝配后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)彈簧(huang)總成(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu),也應選用(yong)(yong)(yong)兼具(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐性與耐(nai)(nai)候(hou)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)料(liao),建(jian)議(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)溫(wen)快干型水性防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)料(liao)與“底面(mian)(mian)(mian)合一(yi)”型水性防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐涂(tu)料(liao)。
5 結語
底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)國內載貨(huo)汽車涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中較為薄弱的(de)(de)環節,底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)質量提(ti)升(sheng)一直是(shi)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)質量改善的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內容之(zhi)一。隨著涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)與(yu)工藝的(de)(de)不斷進(jin)步,以水性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)、高固體分(fen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)與(yu)粉(fen)末涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)為代表(biao)的(de)(de)綠(lv)色涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術正在(zai)越來越多地(di)應用于各類(lei)底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)生產。需要(yao)更加(jia)重視底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件各類(lei)基(ji)材的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)質量以及前處(chu)理質量。底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)在(zai)滿(man)足防腐性(xing)與(yu)耐候性(xing)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)同時,還需要(yao)考慮車輛底盤(pan)(pan)整(zheng)體的(de)(de)防護(hu)性(xing)與(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾性(xing)的(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)。針對底盤(pan)(pan)零(ling)(ling)件某(mou)些涂(tu)(tu)(tu)覆防護(hu)難度較大的(de)(de)部位(wei),如,腔型結構部位(wei)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)配貼合面(mian)(mian)、運動連(lian)接(jie)面(mian)(mian)等,如何進(jin)行有效的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)防護(hu)仍需要(yao)深入研究